If someone tries to create a block on multiple different block branches, it is considered a cheater.
There are also many ways to try to solve this problem: Because working on multiple chains at the same time consumes very little resources (the root Pow is different), anyone can abuse this feature, so that anyone can spend double on different chains. One of the problems is the usual "nothing at stake" problem, which says that for the producers of the blockchain, voting at the two forked points at the same time does not cause any problems, and this may result in Consistency is difficult to resolve. Some authors believe that pos is not an ideal option for distributed coherence protocols. In the Pos system, these people who are safe in the guardian system always use people with more money. It is unclear whether such inconsistencies will reduce the security of the currency or increase the security risks of the system. Miners' intention is to maximize their own benefits. In Pow mode, the producer of the block may not have any cryptocurrency. The incentives for block producers are also different.
Proof of Stake is thousands of times more efficient than Pow. And the consumption of energy is paid in non-cryptocurrency. According to the bitcoin mine operator, the energy consumption of a bitcoin did not reach 240 kWh in 2014 (equivalent to burning 16 gallons of gasoline, in terms of carbon production). Proof of Work relies on energy consumption. Peercoin's developers affirm that it is more difficult to attack on such a network than Pow, because without a centralized mine, it is more difficult to get 51% of the currency than to get 51% of the calculation. This process makes the network secure and gradually creates new currencies without consuming very large computing resources. Similarly, the maximum age of the coin will only increase to the maximum of 90 days will not increase, in order to avoid the very old age of the user has an absolute role in the blockchain. You must wait another 30 days before you can sign the next block. However, once used to sign a block, his currency age will be cleared to zero. Users with older coins will have a greater chance to sign the next block. Coins held for more than 30 days will have the opportunity to become the forge of the next block. The age of the coin is the number of coins multiplied by the holding time of the currency. Peercoin's proof-of-stake system combines the concept of random selection and currency age. Because the shares are public, all nodes can calculate the same value. By using a formula, this formula selects the minimum value of the user's share hash value. Nxt and BlackCoin use a random way to predict the next block producer. Instead, there are several different options that are designed. If you only rely on account balances, it will lead to a centralization result, because if the single richest member will have a permanent advantage. Proof-of-stake must have a way to define the next valid block in the blockchain. Conversely, Pow-based cryptocurrencies (such as Bitcoin) determine the creator of the block by cracking the hash puzzle. In Pos-based cryptocurrency, the creator of the next block is selected by combining random selection, wealth value, or age. Proof-of-stake（POS) is an algorithm for the distributed consensus of blockchain networks of cryptocurrency.
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